Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cables is a type of wiring that consists of two cables that is twisted together to cancel out Eloctromagnetic Interference (EMI) from external sources. Most networks contain some twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network while twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks and is the least expensive type of LAN cable.

Coaxial Cable
A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. Coaxial cable (or "coax") is the most common cable used for transmitting video signals. The name "coaxial" refers to the common axis of the two conductors. It is widely used for computer networking as it is much less susceptible to interference and can carry much more data.

Fiber-Optic Cable
Node
Client
Server
Hub
Network Interface Card ( NIC)
Network Operating System (NOS)
Host Computer
Network Manager