Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cables is a type of wiring that consists of two cables that is twisted together to cancel out Eloctromagnetic Interference (EMI) from external sources. Most networks contain some twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network while twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks and is the least expensive type of LAN cable.

Coaxial Cable
A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. Coaxial cable (or "coax") is the most common cable used for transmitting video signals. The name "coaxial" refers to the common axis of the two conductors. It is widely used for computer networking as it is much less susceptible to interference and can carry much more data.

Fiber-Optic Cable
Node
Client
Server
Hub
Network Interface Card ( NIC)
Network Operating System (NOS)
Host Computer
Network Manager

Disk Caching-

Disk caching is a process of tweaking performance of a computer to boost the speed to access data on a disk by using RAM. The recently accessed data are stored in memory buffer. The more RAM installed in a system unit, the faster the processing speed.

Rebundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-

Rebundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is a process of storing data in multiple hard drives at one time. It is also considered in a category of disk drives that combines two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance. RAID allows you to store the same data redundantly (in multiple paces) in a balanced to improve overall performance by placing data on multiple disks. The operations can overlap is a few ways and boost up system performance.

File Compression and Decompression-

File Compression and Decompression is a process similar to encoding and decoding. It transforms a data into a smaller packages from one representation to another, smaller representation from which the original, or a close approximation to it, can be recovered. Data compression has important applications in the areas of data storage and data transmission.

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) -

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a type of magnetic ink or codes for the computer to read information on a printed document. This is primarily utilized by bangking companies such as Maybank to keep track of the processing of cheques. There are serial numbers printed on each cheque which posses a unique waveform for the computer to read.

Optical-Character Recognition -

Optical-Character Recognition is usually utilized by a scanner to translate handwritten texts, pictures and other documents into a computer-readable format. Any image or text scanned into a computer is 99% accurate and will be similar to the original text. Nowadays the Optical Character Recognition includes digital image processing due to the fact that few application survived using true optical technique.

Optical-Mark Recognition -

Optical-Mark Recognition is a technology to extract and detect the presense of a mark in a data such as surveys and checkboxes on a printed paper. OMR technology will look for marks in a predetermined positions. This technology will look for a high contrast or recognizeable shapes such as dots and fill-ins on a document paper and recognize it.

Dot-Matrix Printer-

Dot-Matrix Printer is a type of printer that uses pins to strike against an ink ribbon to form an image with highly compact small dots. This type of printer uses a printer head that moves diagnolly to produce shapes depending on the settings set by the user. However, this printer have what ink-jet and laser printer could not do; printing carbon copies. Most people usually buy this printer for the printing speed that it offered although it does not provide high quality output.

Plotter -
Plotter uses a pen to produce continuous lines across a peice of paper. It is different from the regular printer in the sense that regular printers make a line using a set of closely printed dots while a plotter makes a continuous stream of lines one by one. Pen plotter are usually used in the design industry where precision and accurancy of a drawing is important. This printer are slower than regular printer because the pen moves slowly to produce the lines and requires a series of printer control languages such as "draw a line from here to here", and "lift paper".

Photo Printer :
Photo Printer is a printer that produced a high-quality image output. It is usually referred to as the inkjet printer because of the same principles that is used by both printers to produce high quality image; shooting onto the paper using high pressure pump. The only differences between standard printer and photo printer is the extra cartridges that is used by photo printer to print detailed image and built-in memory cards to print images without a computer.

Portable Printer:
Portable Printer is a small and compact printer that is commonly used by digital cameras to print photos without having to upload the pictures to the computer. The printer is connected to the camera using a cable and users can print any image at anytime they wish.

Fax Machine:
Fax machine is a device consists of a printer, scanner and a modem. It is commonly used to send and receive pictures and texts over the telephone line. Fax machine translates images and text by a series of dots that is sent to them and print it out according to the dots.

Multifunctional Device:
Multifunctional device combines printing, scanning, and photocopying in one single device. This device is cheap and has lots of features perfect for office use.

Internet Telephones:
Internet phone applies the same concept as the regular phone, but is this case it uses the internet as a a vehicle to deliver voice communication. Voice over Internet Protocol system (VoIP) are used by internet phone to translate digital audio into a specific codes and sent to the receiver's end.

Expansion Card :
Electronic board that is inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to add additional functions that is not available an a motherboard such as graphic cards like nVidia GeForce Graphics Accelerator, sound card, and network card. Motherboards offers only basic functions while the expansion card add on further functions to the system unit.

Network Interface Card :
Network Interface Card (NIC) is a device used by a user to connect his computer to other computer through a Local Area Network (LAN) connection. The commom protocols used by the LAN is Ethernet. NIC must be installed in each computer device to receive connection from the existing LAN connections in order to accesss the internet.

Cache Memory :
A Cache Memory is a device which stores instructions to store memory that is repeatedly required to run programs, thus improving overall speed. Cache Memory allows the CPU to transfer data to system bus according to the motherboard capability. This will avoid jam which might occur during the transfering of the file.

Plug & Play :
Plug & Play (PNP) is a capability developed by Microsoft or other creators of Operating Systems to recognize a device plugged into a USB port without actually having to install it. Device like mouse and keyboard are two examples of PNP device. They are not required to be installed on the system for the user to use it.


Sockets :
Sockets are the built-in devices on motherboards that accept various hardware components in a single connection between two network application. Computer sockets were referred to as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) slots, followed by Enhanced IDE (EIDE) slots. Nowadays motherboads is made with lots of sockets in them to reduce the need for numerous hardware installed on the computer.

Chips :
Chips are a small semiconducting material usually composed of silicons on which an integrated circuits is embedded. A computer chip contains millions of transistors on electronic boards called printed circuit boards to transmit data signals. A few examples of a computer chip is microprocessors and memory chips.

Slots :
Slots refers to an opening on a motherboard where a circuit board can be inserted to add new capabilities to a computer. The boards inserted into a slot are called expansion boards, expansion cards, and add-ons. Expansion slots for PCs come in two basic sizes: half- and full-size. Half-size slots are also called 8-bit slots because they can transfer 8 bits at a time. Full-size slots are sometimes called 16-bit slots. In addition, modern PCs include PCI slots for expansion boards that connect directly to the PCI bus.

Buslines :
Bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. The bus lines also link the CPU to different parts on the system board of your computer. The data flows in the form of bits along the bus lines. There are several types of bus lines, some of which are as follows, Industry Standard Architecture, the bus line capacity is 16 bit.

Serial Port :
A serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time. Most serial ports on personal computers conform to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device for example modems.


Parallel Port :
A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting various peripherals. It is also known as a printer port. Parellel ports are used by a computer to connect an external device such as printer.




Universal Serial Bus :
USB is an external bus that stores data and information. Up to 127 devices that can be used by a USB port such as joysticks, mouse, keyboard, and thumbdrive. USB also supports Plug & Play installation for immediate usage of the hardware.



Firewire Port :
Firewire is a high speed serial bus that supports a chain op to 63 devices at over 400Mbps. Firewire serves as the main connection between computers, digital devices and might even external hard disks.

HTML -
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML was meant to make structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings links and quotes. HTML is not a programming language. It’s a markup language. A markup language is a set of markup tags that consists of tags surrounded by angle brackets within web page content. It is used by HTML to describe a web page.




Javascript -

Javascript is a scripting language developed by Netscape to enable their designers to create interactive sites. It has similar capabilities to rival other scripting language such as Microsoft Visual Basics. Script languages are easier to code in than the more structured and compiled languages such as C and C++. Everyone can use the JavaScript because it’s an open language and license-free. It is supported by various browsers such as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.





Applets -
Applet is a small application designed to be executed directly from another application. Web browsers nowadays are equipped with Java virtual machines, can interpret applets from web servers independently. They are ideal for small Internet applications accessible from a browser.





Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce -
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce (B2C) refers to an online transactions. It involves looking through online catalogs that is available to the customers by a certain business organization to see and buy the product online at the tip of the finger. One of the pioneers of the B2C world is Amazon.com. Amazon.com was once an online bookseller but has now grown to include services such as travel services, auctions and online banking.



Consumer-to-Consumer E-Commerce -
Another popular name for Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) is Peer-to-Peer (P2P). It involves transactions among consumers with the involvement of third-party such as Ebay and PayPal. In P2P network consumer sells goods and services to other consumers. One of the advantages of P2P network is it's cheap and profitable. Perfect for small business owners who is looking for an alternative ways to reduce the cost of business.



File Transfer Protocol (FTP) -
File Transfer Protocol is a simple way to exchange files between computers. FTP is a protocol that uses the Internet TCP/IP protocols to transfer files to other computer. It is the commonly used to download files from any websites.




Filters -
Filter is a program that accepts a certain types of data as inputs transforms it in some manner, and then outputs the transformed data. It is also a pattern through which data is passed. Only the data similar to the pattern are allowed access to a certain program.

Webmaster –
A webmaster is someone who maintains a website. Webmasters have to change the design, and maintain the coding of a certain websites. In big companies, they are to edit the content of the company’s websites like posting the news or putting up new advertisement usually managed by third-party contractor. Small businesses often employ someone in-house or hire a part-time independent contractor. Privately owned websites is usually managed by someone who owns a domain. Webmasters must have knowledge in JAVA applications, PHP, HTML, and web server configurations such as Apache.

Computer Support Specialist –
A Computer Support Specialists provide technical advice, assistance, and support to consumers of computer systems, hardware and software. They are experts in troubleshooting using their own analytical skills and programs to resolve most computer problems.

Technical Writer –
Technical Writers prepares a step by step, detailed and concise written documentation which communicates technical information to a target audience. They are to write a user manual for software, guides for industrial machinery and design specifications for construction projects. Technical writers can be found in engineering, physics, chemistry, technology and an assortment of other industries.

Software Engineer –
Software engineers is someone who oversee an assembling a large amount of codes into a working applications, update and fixing problems in a program. A software engineer is a certified professionals and skilled in the application of engineering discipline to the creation of software. People do get confused with a software engineer and a programmer. A programmer creates the code that runs a program while a software engineer makes the design the programmer implements.

Network Administrator –
Network administrators are professionals who oversee a computer maintenance network. They are charged with the responsibility of maintaining any hardware needed to operate the network as well as installing new updates to any software that are required to run a network. Network administrators will posses a higher degree connected with Information Systems and Computer Science. They are also trained on function of specific hardware or software that is part of the network. Admin have the power that overrides all other access privileges enjoyed by others in the organization, allowing the admin to troubleshoot when there is a need to monitor activity of a specific user or change access protocols for any reason.

Database Administrator –
A database administrator is someone who oversees the installation and ongoing function of software on a system designed for a number of users. Their tasks include setting up new databases, and boosting up the database’s performance and security. A Database Administrator has an extensive knowledge in Computer Science and a wide range of database products for example SQL Server 2005.

System Analyst –

System Analyst is someone who offers advice to a certain organization on software and system to achieve the organization’s goal. They may develop new system or devise ways to apply existing resources to additional tasks. System Analyst works with specific computer systems that vary with the kind of organization. Upon receiving a task they will use their analytical skill to identify the problems and use various kinds of techniques such as data modeling, sampling and cost counting. Then they will tell determine which system can set it up and ensure that is performs as planned.

Programmer –

A Programmer is a specialist in creating new software. Computer programmer basically writes a code that tells the computer what to do. There 2 types of codes – system code and application code. System code tells a computer how to interact with its hardware while application code like spreadsheet calculating tells a computer how to perform a task. Programmers must be good with programming languages such as JAVA, C++, Ruby, .NET, PHP, Phyton. A Programmer usually has five basic stages of development of new software. They are defining needs, flowchart designing, software coding, debugging, and beta testing.