Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cables is a type of wiring that consists of two cables that is twisted together to cancel out Eloctromagnetic Interference (EMI) from external sources. Most networks contain some twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network while twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks and is the least expensive type of LAN cable.

Coaxial Cable
A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. Coaxial cable (or "coax") is the most common cable used for transmitting video signals. The name "coaxial" refers to the common axis of the two conductors. It is widely used for computer networking as it is much less susceptible to interference and can carry much more data.

Fiber-Optic Cable
Node
Client
Server
Hub
Network Interface Card ( NIC)
Network Operating System (NOS)
Host Computer
Network Manager

Disk Caching-

Disk caching is a process of tweaking performance of a computer to boost the speed to access data on a disk by using RAM. The recently accessed data are stored in memory buffer. The more RAM installed in a system unit, the faster the processing speed.

Rebundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-

Rebundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is a process of storing data in multiple hard drives at one time. It is also considered in a category of disk drives that combines two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance. RAID allows you to store the same data redundantly (in multiple paces) in a balanced to improve overall performance by placing data on multiple disks. The operations can overlap is a few ways and boost up system performance.

File Compression and Decompression-

File Compression and Decompression is a process similar to encoding and decoding. It transforms a data into a smaller packages from one representation to another, smaller representation from which the original, or a close approximation to it, can be recovered. Data compression has important applications in the areas of data storage and data transmission.

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) -

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a type of magnetic ink or codes for the computer to read information on a printed document. This is primarily utilized by bangking companies such as Maybank to keep track of the processing of cheques. There are serial numbers printed on each cheque which posses a unique waveform for the computer to read.

Optical-Character Recognition -

Optical-Character Recognition is usually utilized by a scanner to translate handwritten texts, pictures and other documents into a computer-readable format. Any image or text scanned into a computer is 99% accurate and will be similar to the original text. Nowadays the Optical Character Recognition includes digital image processing due to the fact that few application survived using true optical technique.

Optical-Mark Recognition -

Optical-Mark Recognition is a technology to extract and detect the presense of a mark in a data such as surveys and checkboxes on a printed paper. OMR technology will look for marks in a predetermined positions. This technology will look for a high contrast or recognizeable shapes such as dots and fill-ins on a document paper and recognize it.

Dot-Matrix Printer-

Dot-Matrix Printer is a type of printer that uses pins to strike against an ink ribbon to form an image with highly compact small dots. This type of printer uses a printer head that moves diagnolly to produce shapes depending on the settings set by the user. However, this printer have what ink-jet and laser printer could not do; printing carbon copies. Most people usually buy this printer for the printing speed that it offered although it does not provide high quality output.

Plotter -
Plotter uses a pen to produce continuous lines across a peice of paper. It is different from the regular printer in the sense that regular printers make a line using a set of closely printed dots while a plotter makes a continuous stream of lines one by one. Pen plotter are usually used in the design industry where precision and accurancy of a drawing is important. This printer are slower than regular printer because the pen moves slowly to produce the lines and requires a series of printer control languages such as "draw a line from here to here", and "lift paper".

Photo Printer :
Photo Printer is a printer that produced a high-quality image output. It is usually referred to as the inkjet printer because of the same principles that is used by both printers to produce high quality image; shooting onto the paper using high pressure pump. The only differences between standard printer and photo printer is the extra cartridges that is used by photo printer to print detailed image and built-in memory cards to print images without a computer.

Portable Printer:
Portable Printer is a small and compact printer that is commonly used by digital cameras to print photos without having to upload the pictures to the computer. The printer is connected to the camera using a cable and users can print any image at anytime they wish.

Fax Machine:
Fax machine is a device consists of a printer, scanner and a modem. It is commonly used to send and receive pictures and texts over the telephone line. Fax machine translates images and text by a series of dots that is sent to them and print it out according to the dots.

Multifunctional Device:
Multifunctional device combines printing, scanning, and photocopying in one single device. This device is cheap and has lots of features perfect for office use.

Internet Telephones:
Internet phone applies the same concept as the regular phone, but is this case it uses the internet as a a vehicle to deliver voice communication. Voice over Internet Protocol system (VoIP) are used by internet phone to translate digital audio into a specific codes and sent to the receiver's end.